Abstract This work evaluated polyurethane (Polyquil®) as a graft for treatment of bone defects. Bone defects of 1.5 × 0.5 cm were made in the calvaria of 16 rabbits. Eight animals had their defects treated with Polyurethane (Treated) and 8 of them had their defects filled with blood clot (Control). In the second experiment, segmental defects of 0.5 cm were performed at the zygomatic arch of 16 rabbits. Eight animals were treated by guided bone regeneration, using a latex membrane, associated to grafting of polyurethane while the others were not treated (Control). The bone tissue morphometry in the craniotomy experiment resulted in a higher bone volume in the Treated group at 60 days (p <0.05, t student test). Microscopic and radiographic images demonstrate the formation of a bone bridge in the segmental defect, 60 and 120 days after surgery in the Treated group, different from the Control group with incomplete healing.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de bovinos cruzados, recriados em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) e terminados em confinamento, alimentados com dietas com alto nível de concentrado ou exclusivamente de concentrado. Bezerros desmamados de dois tipos de cruzamento - ½ Angus × ½ Nelore e ½ Charolês × ¼ Angus × ¼ Nelore - foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC). No período das águas, os animais ½ Angus × ½ Nelore apresentaram desempenho superior ao dos animais ½ Charolês × ¼ Angus × ¼ Nelore, com ganho médio diário de 0,748 e 0,490 kg, respectivamente. A produtividade na recria foi de 926 kg ha-1 de peso corporal no período de 11 meses, no sistema de ILP. Posteriormente, os animais foram confinados e alimentados com dietas com alto nível de concentrado ou exclusivamente de concentrado, em DIC, com arranjo fatorial 2×2. No confinamento, os animais ½ Charolês × ¼ Angus × ¼ Nelore apresentaram valores menores de ganho médio diário de carcaça, rendimento de carcaça e peso ao abate do que os animais ½ Angus × ½ Nelore. A elevada produtividade no sistema ILP mostra que essa estratégia, associada ao uso de cruzamentos durante a recria e a terminação, pode ser indicada para a nova demanda por uma pecuária sustentável.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of crossbred steers post-weaned in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICL) and finished in a feedlot, fed either a high-level concentrate diet or whole corn with no roughage. Weaned calves of two breed groups - ½ Angus × ½ Nellore, and ½ Charolais × ¼ Angus × ¼ Nellore - were allotted in a completely randomized experimental design (CRD). During the rainy season, the ½ Angus × ½ Nellore animals showed a higher performance than the ½ Charolais × ¼ Angus ×¼ Nellore ones, with 0.748 and 0.490 kg average daily gain, respectively. The productivity in the post-weaning period was 926 kg ha-1 body weight in a 11-month period, in the ICL system. Subsequently, the animals were confined and fed high-concentrate diet or whole corn with no roughage, in a CRD with a 2×2 factorial arrangement. In the feedlot, the ½ Charolais × ¼ Angus × ¼ Nellore animals showed lower values for carcass average daily gain, carcass yield, and slaughter weight than the ½ Angus × ½ Nellore animals. The high productivity in the ICL shows that this strategy, associated with the use of crossbreeding during the post-weaning and finishing stages, can be indicated for the new demand for a sustainable livestock activity.

Objetivo: Caracterizar la producción científica relacionada con el soporte en línea dirigido a niños y adolescentes con enfermedad crónica. Síntesis del contenido: Se trata de una revisión integrativa. Se realizó una búsqueda que abarcó el período 2008-2017 en las bases de datos PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature y ScienceDirect. Se encontraron 30 artículos, organizados y clasificados por título, autor, año de publicación, país de origen, base de datos, tipo de estudio y objetivos. Los hallazgos informaron sobre una mayor producción de conocimiento en el período 2012-2014. La tendencia de investigación se orientó de acuerdo a dos categorías: Evaluación de las herramientas de soporte en línea dirigidas a niños y adolescentes con enfermedad crónica y La percepción de las familias y los profesionales de la salud sobre el uso de las herramientas de soporte en línea dirigidas a niños y adolescentes con enfermedad crónica. Conclusión: El soporte en línea es un complemento importante de las actividades de promoción de la salud para las familias. Está disponible en sitios web y en programas en línea; tiene fortalezas y debilidades en cuanto al uso y constituye un nuevo desafío para los profesionales de la salud.

Objective: To characterize scientific production related to online support targeted at chronically ill children, and adolescents. Content synthesis: This is an integrative review. A literature search was performed, from 2008 to 2017, using databases PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and ScienceDirect. Thirty articles were found, arranged and sorted by title, author, year of publication, country of origin, database, type of study, and objectives. Findings reported a greater knowledge generation during the period from 2012 to 2014. Trend in research was focused in accordance with two categories: Online support tools assessment aimed at chronically ill children and adolescents and Perception of families and health professionals about usability of online support tools aimed at chronically ill children, and adolescents. Conclusion: Online support is a vital complement to health promotion activities for families. It is available on websites and online programs; moreover, it has strengths and weaknesses in usability, and represents a new challenge for health professionals.

Objetivo: Caracterizar a produção científica relacionada com o suporte on-line direcionado a crianças e adolescentes com doença crônica. Síntese do conteúdo: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. Realizou-se uma busca no período de 2008 a 2017 nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e ScienceDirect. Foram encontrados 30 artigos, organizados e caracterizados por título, autores, ano de publicação, país de proveniência, base de dados, tipo de estudo e objetivos. A temática reportou maior produção de conhecimento no período de 2012 a 2014. A tendência de pesquisa orientase em duas categorias: Avaliação das ferramentas de suporte on-line direcionadas a crianças e adolescentes com doença crônica e Percepção das famílias e profissionais de saúde sobre a usabilidade das ferramentas de suporte on-line direcionadas a crianças e adolescentes com doenças crônicas. Conclusão: O suporte on-line é um complemento importante às atividades de promoção à saúde para as famílias. É disponibilizado por meio de sites e programas on-line; apresenta potencialidades e fragilidades na usabilidade e constitui-se em um novo desafio para os profissionais de saúde.

Objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar a habilidade competitiva relativa de cultivares de arroz na presença de um biótipo de angiquinho (Aeschynomene denticulata) em diferentes proporções substitutivas de plantas na associação. Os experimentos foram instalados no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Primeiramente, tanto para o arroz quanto para o angiquinho, determinou-se a população de plantas em que a produção final de massa seca se torna constante (24 plantas vaso–1). Posteriormente instalaram-se dois experimentos para avaliar a competitividade das cultivares de arroz BRS Querência e BRS Sinuelo CL com plantas de angiquinho, ambos conduzidos em série de substituição, nas diferentes combinações da cultura e da planta daninha, variando-se as proporções relativas de plantas vaso–1 (24:0, 18:6, 12:12, 6:18 e 0:24). A análise da competitividade das espécies foi efetuada por meio de diagramas aplicados a experimentos substitutivos e também pelos índices de competitividade relativa. Aos 50 dias após a emergência das espécies efetuou-se a aferição do perfilhamento ou do número de folhas, da estatura, da área foliar e da massa seca da parte aérea das plantas. Ocorreu competição entre as cultivares de arroz e o angiquinho, sendo ambos afetados negativamente, independentemente da proporção de plantas, provocando, em todos os casos, redução das variáveis avaliadas. Foi observado diferenciação da habilidade competitiva entre as cultivares de arroz quando na presença do angiquinho. A cultivar BRS Querência foi mais competitiva que a BRS Sinuelo CL na presença do angiquinho em todas as proporções de plantas e variáveis testadas.

This study evaluated the relative competitive ability of rice cultivars in the presence of a joint-vetch (Aeschynomene denticulata) biotype, at different replacement levels of plants in the association. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. First, it was determined the population of plants in which the final dry mass remains constant, both for the rice and for the joint-vetch (24 plants per pot). Later, two experiments were carried out to evaluate the competitiveness of the rice cultivars BRS Querência and BRS Sinuelo CL with joint-vetch plants, both conducted in replacement series, in different crop and weed combinations, varying the relative proportions of plants per pot (24:0, 18:6, 12:12, 6:18 and 0:24). Competitiveness of each species was analyzed by diagrams applied to replacement experiments and by the relative competitiveness indices. Fifty days after the emergence, tillering or number of leaves, height, leaf area and shoot dry mass were determined. Competition occurred between the rice cultivars and the joint-vetch, both were adversely affected, irrespective of the plant proportion. This resulted in reductions in all evaluated variables. Different competitive abilities were observed between rice cultivars in the presence of joint-vetch. The 'BRS Querência' was more competitive than the 'BRS Sinuelo CL' for all plant proportions and variables tested.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of propranolol on capsular architecture around silicone implants by measuring the inflammation, capsular thickness, and collagen fiber density, using a guinea pig experimental model.METHODS:Thirty six adult male guinea pigs randomly divided into two groups (n=18) were used. Each one received a silicone implant with textured-surface. The capsular tissue around implants from untreated or treated animals with the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (10 mg/kg, dissolved in daily water) were analyzed for inflammation by histological scoring, capsular thickness by computerized histometry, and collagen fibers type I and Type III density by picrosirius polarization at different time points (7, 14 or 21 days after silicone implantation).RESULTS: Propranolol treatment reduced inflammation and impaired capsular thickness and delayed collagen maturation around the textured implant.CONCLUSION:Propranolol reduces the risk of developing capsular contracture around silicone implants with textured surface.

PURPOSE:To present a rat model of subcutaneous endometriosis for the study of pathophysiology and the effects of drugs.METHODS: Fifty three-month-old female Wistar rats (Rattus norvergicus) were distributed into one control group and four treatment groups: estradiol (2.5; 5; 10mg/kg sc), medroxyprogesterone acetate (0.5; 2; 5mg/kg sc), triptorelin pamoate (0.18; 0.56mg/kg sc) and acetylsalicylic acid (3mg/kg per os). The animals were autoimplanted subcutaneously with 4x4-mm uterine fragments to induce endometriosis. The endometriomas were measured on days 1, 7, 14 and 21. The relative dry and wet weights of the endometrioma were used to evaluate response to the drug. Endometrial -like tissue was confirmed by histology. The greatest weight gain was observed on day 14 (relative wet weight: 29.1 ± 6.7mg%, relative dry weight: 5.3 ± 0.9mg %). Treatments were administered between day 5 and day 14.RESULTS:The relative wet weight of the hemiuterus in the 10mg/kg estradiol group differed significantly from control and the other two estradiol groups (p=0.0001). In the medroxyprogesterone acetate group the weight decreased significantly but this decrease was not dose-dependent. Weight reduction was also significant in the triptorelin pamoate and the acetylsalicylic acid groups.CONCLUSION:The model of subcutaneous endometriosis is reproducible, low-cost and easy to perform, and suitable for the study of pathophysiology and the effects of drugs.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether there is any effect resulting from preconditioning with nutraceutical supplementation containing arginine and oil mixes with high ω9:ω6 ratio and low ω6:ω3 ratio containing EPA and DHA, ALA fatty acids on inflammatory mediators, antioxidant and lipid profile modulation in surgical trauma.METHODS:Twenty-six men scheduled for radical prostatectomy were randomized into three groups and treated as follows: Group 1 (skim milk, 0% fat), Group 2 (supplement with ω6:ω3 ratio of 8:1 and arginine) and Group 3 (supplement with high ω9:ω6 ratio of 3.2:1 and low ω6:ω3 ratio of 1.4:1 and arginine). Patients received skin milk or supplements twice a day (200 ml) during five days prior to surgery. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected at three different timepoints: five days before surgery (PRE), before anesthesia induction (IND) and on the 2nd postoperative day (POS). Parameters analyzed included inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), antioxidants (catalase), lipid profile and heat shock protein (HSP-27).RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups on inflammatory mediators and antioxidant parameters. However, lipid profile values (Cholesterol, LDL, Triglycerides, VLDL), were significantly different.CONCLUSION:Preconditioning with arginine and oil mixes containing high ω9:ω6 ratio and low ω6:ω3 ratio, has no effects on inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Reduction of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL profiles may be related to the trauma effect.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of acupuncture (Ac) and electroacupuncture (EAc) on oxidative stress and inflammation in testis torsion/detorsion (T/D) model in rats.METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups. G1 Group (Sham) served as control. The remaining groups were submitted to spermatic cord torsion (720°) for 3 hours, followed by detorsion and reperfusion for 4 hours. Before detorsion G3, G4 and G5 rats were treated with Ac, EAc 2Hz and EAc 10 Hz, respectively, applied to acupoint Gulai (S-29) bilaterally under anesthesia for 5 minutes. Next, the testes were detorsioned and reperfused for 4 hours. Afterwards, blood samples and the right testis were collected for biochemical assays: reduced Glutathione (GSH), Malonaldehyde (MDA), Myeloperoxidase (MPO).RESULTS: EAc stimulation (2 and 10 Hz) promoted significant increase in concentrations of GSH in plasma and testis of G4-G5 rats, compared with G1. There was significant increase of tissue MDA in groups G4-G5 and plasma MDA in all groups, compared with G1. There was a significant reduction in MPO activity in groups G4-G5 compared with G1.CONCLUSION:Electroacupuncture stimulation (2 and 10 Hz) attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rats subjected to testicular torsion/detorsion.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the antioxidant and antiperoxidative effects of oil mixes of high ratio Omega-9:Omega-6 and low ratio Omega-6:Omega-3 in the third day after tooth extraction in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two male Wistar rats (270-310g) were randomly distributed in two groups: Control (n=24) and Test (n=8). Control group was divided into three subgroups (n=8): G1: Sham-Saline; G2: Saline; G3: Isolipid. G1 and G2 animals received NaCl 0.9% while G3 rats were treated with an isolipid mixture (alpha-linolenic acid - ALA) containing -6/-3 oils (8:1 ratio) and-9/-6 (0.4:1 ratio). Test group animals (G4) received oily mixtures (alpha-linolenic acid - ALA, docosahexaenoic acid - DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid - EPA) of -6/-3 (1.4:1 ratio) and -9/-6 (3.4:1 ratio). Saline and oils were administered by gavage during four days before and three days after first mandibular molar extraction. Following, samples (arterial blood and alveolar mucosa) were collected for glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays. RESULTS: Oil mixes induced a significant decrease in GSH and TBARS tissue and plasma concentrations in the third day post-surgery. CONCLUSION: Gavage administration of oil mixes of high ratio Omega-9:Omega-6 and low ratio Omega-6:Omega-3 after molar extraction in rats induces a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation.

O tratamento de sementes de trigo com inseticidas e fungicidas é importante para proteger as mesmas da incidência de insetos e doenças. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar os efeitos de tratamentos químicos sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de trigo. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2x4, sendo o fator A composto por cultivares de trigo (Quartzo e Pampeano) e o B por inseticidas e fungicidas: testemunha e, para cada 100 kg de sementes, aplicou-se 21 g do ingrediente ativo (i.a.) de tiametoxam; 55 g i.a. de carboxina + thiram e 21 + 55 g i.a. de tiametoxam + carboxina + thiram. O tiametoxam (21 g i.a.) resultou em melhor desempenho, quanto à germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e peso de massa fresca e seca, para a variedade Quartzo. Ocorreu maior acúmulo de massa seca para a variedade Pampeano, ao se aplicar carboxina + thiram, na dose de 55 g i.a. As duas cultivares apresentaram melhor desempenho, no teste de envelhecimento acelerado, na presença de tiametoxam + carboxina + thiram (21 + 55 g i.a.). O tratamento de sementes proporcionou plântulas mais vigorosas, o que resultará em estandes de plantas mais uniformes, em função da maior percentagem de germinação ou da proteção contra pragas.

Treating wheat seeds with insecticides and fungicides is important for protecting them against insects and diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chemical treatments on the physiologic quality of wheat seeds. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with four replications, in a 2x4 factorial scheme, being the A factor composed by wheat cultivars (Quartzo and Pampeano) and the B factor by insecticides and fungicides: control and, for each 100 kg of seeds, 21 g of the active ingredient (a.i.) of thiametoxan, 55 g a.i. of carboxin + thiram and 21 + 55 g a.i. of thiametoxan + carboxin + thiram. The thiametoxan (21 g a.i.) promoted a higher performance, concerning germination, germination speed index and fresh and dry matter weight, for the Quartzo cultivar. A higher dry matter accumulation was observed for the Pampeano cultivar, under the application of carboxin + thiram, at the 55 g a.i. dose. Both cultivars performed better, concerning the accelerated aging test, under the application of thiametoxan + carboxin + thiram (21 + 55 g a.i.). The seed treatments resulted in healthier seedlings, which will lead to more uniform plants stands, according to the higher germination percentage or protection against pests.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of bioflavonoid ternatin (TRT) on rat liver regeneration and oxidative stress after 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). METHODS: Thirty six young male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups of 18 animals each - control (G1) and experimental (G2) - and were submitted to PH under inhalatory diethylether anesthesia. G1 rats received daily intraperitoneal (ip) injections of saline (NaCl 0.9% solution) 0.1 mL/kg for 14 days; G2 animals received daily ip injections of TRT 0.1% 1.0mg/kg for 14 days. At 36h (T1), 168h (T2) and 336h (T3) post-PH timepoints, a subgroup of six rats in each group was chosen in a randomized way to complementary hepatectomy (CH) and blood samples haversting. Collected material was saved for laboratory analysis (total bilirubin (TB), D-Glucose, glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and assessment of liver regeneration. RESULTS: TRT induced a significant decrease in liver and plasma GSH concentrations; liver regeneration process was not affected. TRT promoted a significant decrease in blood glucose levels 168h after partial hepatectomy compared with controls. TB levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal bioflavonoid ternatin injection in partially hepatectomized rats induces a decrease in oxidative stress and a significant hypoglycemic state, but does not promote any change in the evolution of liver regeneration.

As várzeas do rio Solimões são áreas inundáveis com predomínio de Gleissolos, onde se estabeleceu grande parte da população rural do Estado do Amazonas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar e classificar cinco perfis de Gleissolos, distribuídos em três áreas da bacia do Médio Amazonas, localizados nas várzeas dos municípios de Manacapuru e Iranduba. Após a descrição morfológica dos solos, coletaram-se amostras dos seus horizontes para caracterização física, química e mineralógica. Similarmente, todos os perfis apresentaram expressiva gleização na matriz do solo, com cores cinzenta a cinzenta-esverdeada, nos horizontes mais superficiais, e cinzenta-clara a cinzenta-escura, nos subsuperficiais, denotando a redução do ferro. Os teores mais elevados da fração areia em horizontes de subsuperfície indicaram presença de diferentes camadas de deposição fluvial, enquanto os elevados teores de silte evidenciaram a natureza sedimentar recente e o baixo grau de desenvolvimento pedogenético desses solos. Os cátions predominantes nos solos foram Ca2+ e Mg2+, que apresentaram porcentagens de sódio trocável (PST), com amplitude de variação entre 0,70 e 2,09. Os valores de carbono orgânico encontrados foram menores de 80 g kg-1, apresentando a natureza mineral dos sedimentos recém-depositados. A composição mineralógica da fração argila revelou presença significativa de argilominerais 2:1, mas sem grande variabilidade entre os perfis. Esses resultados refletiram-se em elevada soma e saturação por bases, caracterizando solos eutróficos e com argila de atividade alta.

The floodplains of the Solimões River are areas periodically flooded with predominance of Gleisols,where have lived a large number of small farmers of the region. The purpose of this study was to characterize and classify five profiles of Gleysoils distributed in three floodplain areas of the Middle Amazon basin, located in the municipalities of Manacapuru and Iranduba. After the morphological description, the soil horizons were sampled to perform physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses. Similarly, significant gleization was observed in all profiles of the soil matrix, with gray to gray-green color in the surface, and light to dark gray in the subsurface horizons, denoting iron reduction. The highest levels of the sand fraction in the subsurface horizons indicated the presence of different layers of fluvial deposition, while the high silt contents evidenced the nature of recent sediments and the low degree of pedogenetic development of these soils. The predominant soil cations were Ca2+and Mg2+, with a percentage of exchangeable sodium (ESP), varying from 0.70 to 2.09. The organic carbon contents were lower than 80 g kg-1, indicating recently deposited mineral sediments. The mineralogical composition of the clay fraction showed a significant presence of 2:1 clay minerals, but little variability among profiles. These results are reflected in high sum of bases and base saturation, characterizing eutrophic soils with high clay activity.

The tissue reaction of bone tissue accessed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images after polyurethane resin implantation is presented in this study. Twenty four male rabbits were used, divided into two groups of 12 animals each (experimental group and control group) in which full-thickness cranial defect was surgically created. At 30 and 90 days post operation 6 animals of each group were euthanized and bone samples were removed for analysis. The microscopic results indicated no inflammatory foreign body reaction, a perfect union between the polymer and surgical bone bed surface, lack of bone resorption and presence of a thin layer of osteogenic material covering the polymer surface in contact with the surgical bone bed. The SEM images demonstrate the porosity of the resin, with diameters from 120 to 500 µm. This important feature of this polymer is associated with its osteoconductivity, allowing the bone growth inside it, improving the integration between the material and bone tissue. These results confirm that polyurethane resin derived from Ricinuscommunis is an excellent bone substitute for use in repair surgery for great bone losses.

OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da administração enteral preventiva de ornitina alfa-cetoglutarato (OKG) em modelo de isquemia-reperfusão no rato. MÉTODOS: Sessenta ratos foram randomizados em cinco grupos (G1-G5, n=12). Cada grupo foi redistribuído em dois subgrupos (n=6) e tratado com carbonato de cálcio (CaCa) ou OKG por gavagem. Trinta minutos mais tarde, os animais foram anestesiados com xilazina 1mg+cetamina 15mg i.p. e submetidos à laparotomia. Os ratos dos grupos G4-G5 foram submetidos à isquemia por 30 minutos. A isquemia foi obtida por pinçamento do intestino delgado, delimitando um segmento com 5 cm de comprimento e distando 5 cm da válvula ileocecal. O grupo G5 foi submetido à reperfusão por 30 minutos. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas no final da laparotomia (G1), após 30 minutos (G2, G4) e 60 minutos (G3, G5) para determinação das concentrações de metabolitos (piruvato, lactato), creatinofosfoquinase (CPK), substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e glutationa (GSH). RESULTADOS: Observou-se redução significante (p<0,05) das concentrações de piruvato e lactato, teciduais e CPK plasmático em ratos tratados com OKG, no final do período de reperfusão. Não houve alteração significante nos níveis plasmáticos e teciduais de GSH. Entretanto os níveis de TBARS aumentaram significativamente (p<0,05) em amostras de tecido de ratos tratados com OKG submetido à isquemia por 30 minutos. CONCLUSÃO: o pré-tratamento em curto prazo com OKG antes da indução da I/R diminui a lesão tecidual, aumenta a utilização de piruvato para produção de energia no ciclo de Krebs, mas não atenua o estresse oxidativo neste modelo animal.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of preventive enteral administration of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) in an ischemia-reperfusion rat model. METHODS: Sixty rats were randomized into five groups (G1-G5, n = 12). Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 6) and treated with calcium carbonate (CaCa) or OKG by gavage. Thirty minutes later, the animals were anesthetized with xylazine 15mg + ketamine 1mg ip and subjected to laparotomy. G1-G3 rats served as controls. Rats in groups G4 and G5 were subjected to ischemia for 30 minutes. Ischemia was achieved by clamping the small intestine and its mesentery, delimiting a segment of bowel 5 cm long and 5 cm apart from the ileocecal valve. In addition, G5 rats underwent reperfusion for 30 minutes. Blood samples were collected at the end of the laparotomy (G1), after 30 minutes (G2, G4) and 60 minutes (G3, G5) to determine concentrations of metabolites (pyruvate, lactate), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH). RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in tissue pyruvate and lactate and plasma CPK levels in OKG-treated rats at the end of reperfusion period. GSH levels did not change significantly in ischemia and reperfusion groups. However, TBARS levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in tissue samples in OKG-treated rats subjected to ischemia for 30 minutes. CONCLUSION: Short-term pretreatment with OKG before induction of I/R decreases tissue damage, increases pyruvate utilization for energy production in the Krebs cycle and does not attenuate the oxidative stress in this animal model.

OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos de uma única sessão de eletroacupuntura (EA) aplicada nos acupontos Zusanli (E-36) e Zhongwan (RM-12) simultaneamente, na regulação do estresse oxidativo no fígado e rins em ratos anestesiados. MÉTODOS: Dezoito ratos sadios, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos (n = 6), foram anestesiados com cetamina (90mg/kg de peso) + xilazina (10mg/kg de peso): G-1: Controle (anestesia), G-2: anestesia + EA10Hz e G-3: anestesia + EA100Hz. Os ratos do grupo G-2 foram submetidos à EA (ondas quadradas pulsadas, 10 mA, 10 Hz) aplicada aos acupontos ST-36 direito e VC-12 por 30 minutos. Nos ratos do grupo G-3 utilizou-se uma freqüência dez vezes maior (100 Hz). A atividade da enzima G6PDH e as concentrações de malondialdeído (MDA) e glutationa (GSH) foram verificadas por espectrofotometria. RESULTADOS: As concentrações hepáticas de MDA e GSH aumentaram significativamente nos ratos submetidos à EA, utilizando 10Hz (p <0,01) e 100Hz (p <0,001), comparado com o controle. A atividade de G6GPH diminuiu significativamente no G-2 (p <0,01) e G-3 (p <0,001) no fígado e no rim em comparação ao grupo G-1 em ratos tratados com 100Hz. CONCLUSÃO: Uma única sessão de EA 10/100Hz por 30 minutos aumenta a peroxidação lipídica e simultaneamente reduz o estresse oxidativo no fígado e no rim de ratos sadios.

PURPOSE: Investigate the effects of a single electroacupuncture (EA) session at acupoints Zusanli (ST-36) and Zhongwan (CV-12) combined in regulating oxidative stress in liver and kidney in anesthetized rats. METHODS: Eighteen healthy rats randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=6) were anesthetized intraperitoneally with ketamine (90mg kg-1 body weight) + xylazine (10mg/kg body weight): G-1: Control (anesthesia), G-2: anesthesia+EA10Hz and 10 mA, 10 Hz) applied to right ST-36 and CV-12 acupoints for 30 minutes. G-3 was likewise treated, using a tenfold higher frequency (100 Hz). G6PDH activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were assayed spectrophotometrically. RESULTS: Liver MDA and GSH concentrations increased significantly in rats submitted to EA 10Hz (p<0.01) and EA 100Hz (p<0.001), compared with control G-1. Liver and kidney G6GPH activity decreased significantly in G-2 (p<0.01) and G-3 (p<0.001) compared with G-1 in EA100Hz rats. A similar pattern was found in kidney G6PDH activity in EA10Hz rats. CONCLUSION: Single 30-minute EA 10/100Hz session enhances lipid peroxidation and simultaneously reduces oxidative stress in liver and kidney tissues in a rat model.